/*! elementor-pro - v3.15.0 - 09-08-2023 */
/*! For license information please see 60745ddf42fde6647dbc.bundle.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(self.webpackChunkelementor_pro=self.webpackChunkelementor_pro||[]).push([[699],{1699:function(e){e.exports=function(){"use strict";const{entries:e,setPrototypeOf:t,isFrozen:n,getPrototypeOf:o,getOwnPropertyDescriptor:a}=Object;let{freeze:r,seal:i,create:l}=Object,{apply:c,construct:s}="undefined"!=typeof Reflect&&Reflect;c||(c=function apply(e,t,n){return e.apply(t,n)}),r||(r=function freeze(e){return e}),i||(i=function seal(e){return e}),s||(s=function construct(e,t){return new e(...t)});const u=unapply(Array.prototype.forEach),d=unapply(Array.prototype.pop),m=unapply(Array.prototype.push),p=unapply(String.prototype.toLowerCase),f=unapply(String.prototype.toString),h=unapply(String.prototype.match),T=unapply(String.prototype.replace),g=unapply(String.prototype.indexOf),y=unapply(String.prototype.trim),E=unapply(RegExp.prototype.test),S=unconstruct(TypeError);function unapply(e){return function(t){for(var n=arguments.length,o=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),a=1;a<n;a++)o[a-1]=arguments[a];return c(e,t,o)}}function unconstruct(e){return function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),o=0;o<t;o++)n[o]=arguments[o];return s(e,n)}}function addToSet(e,o,a){var r;a=null!==(r=a)&&void 0!==r?r:p,t&&t(e,null);let i=o.length;for(;i--;){let t=o[i];if("string"==typeof t){const e=a(t);e!==t&&(n(o)||(o[i]=e),t=e)}e[t]=!0}return e}function clone(t){const n=l(null);for(const[o,a]of e(t))n[o]=a;return n}function lookupGetter(e,t){for(;null!==e;){const n=a(e,t);if(n){if(n.get)return unapply(n.get);if("function"==typeof n.value)return unapply(n.value)}e=o(e)}function fallbackValue(e){return console.warn("fallback value for",e),null}return fallbackValue}const _=r(["a","abbr","acronym","address","area","article","aside","audio","b","bdi","bdo","big","blink","blockquote","body","br","button","canvas","caption","center","cite","code","col","colgroup","content","data","datalist","dd","decorator","del","details","dfn","dialog","dir","div","dl","dt","element","em","fieldset","figcaption","figure","font","footer","form","h1","h2","h3","h4","h5","h6","head","header","hgroup","hr","html","i","img","input","ins","kbd","label","legend","li","main","map","mark","marquee","menu","menuitem","meter","nav","nobr","ol","optgroup","option","output","p","picture","pre","progress","q","rp","rt","ruby","s","samp","section","select","shadow","small","source","spacer","span","strike","strong","style","sub","summary","sup","table","tbody","td","template","textarea","tfoot","th","thead","time","tr","track","tt","u","ul","var","video","wbr"]),A=r(["svg","a","altglyph","altglyphdef","altglyphitem","animatecolor","animatemotion","animatetransform","circle","clippath","defs","desc","ellipse","filter","font","g","glyph","glyphref","hkern","image","line","lineargradient","marker","mask","metadata","mpath","path","pattern","polygon","polyline","radialgradient","rect","stop","style","switch","symbol","text","textpath","title","tref","tspan","view","vkern"]),b=r(["feBlend","feColorMatrix","feComponentTransfer","feComposite","feConvolveMatrix","feDiffuseLighting","feDisplacementMap","feDistantLight","feDropShadow","feFlood","feFuncA","feFuncB","feFuncG","feFuncR","feGaussianBlur","feImage","feMerge","feMergeNode","feMorphology","feOffset","fePointLight","feSpecularLighting","feSpotLight","feTile","feTurbulence"]),N=r(["animate","color-profile","cursor","discard","font-face","font-face-format","font-face-name","font-face-src","font-face-uri","foreignobject","hatch","hatchpath","mesh","meshgradient","meshpatch","meshrow","missing-glyph","script","set","solidcolor","unknown","use"]),R=r(["math","menclose","merror","mfenced","mfrac","mglyph","mi","mlabeledtr","mmultiscripts","mn","mo","mover","mpadded","mphantom","mroot","mrow","ms","mspace","msqrt","mstyle","msub","msup","msubsup","mtable","mtd","mtext","mtr","munder","munderover","mprescripts"]),k=r(["maction","maligngroup","malignmark","mlongdiv","mscarries","mscarry","msgroup","mstack","msline","msrow","semantics","annotation","annotation-xml","mprescripts","none"]),w=r(["#text"]),D=r(["accept","action","align","alt","autocapitalize","autocomplete","autopictureinpicture","autoplay","background","bgcolor","border","capture","cellpadding","cellspacing","checked","cite","class","clear","color","cols","colspan","controls","controlslist","coords","crossorigin","datetime","decoding","default","dir","disabled","disablepictureinpicture","disableremoteplayback","download","draggable","enctype","enterkeyhint","face","for","headers","height","hidden","high","href","hreflang","id","inputmode","integrity","ismap","kind","label","lang","list","loading","loop","low","max","maxlength","media","method","min","minlength","multiple","muted","name","nonce","noshade","novalidate","nowrap","open","optimum","pattern","placeholder","playsinline","poster","preload","pubdate","radiogroup","readonly","rel","required","rev","reversed","role","rows","rowspan","spellcheck","scope","selected","shape","size","sizes","span","srclang","start","src","srcset","step","style","summary","tabindex","title","translate","type","usemap","valign","value","width","xmlns","slot"]),C=r(["accent-height","accumulate","additive","alignment-baseline","ascent","attributename","attributetype","azimuth","basefrequency","baseline-shift","begin","bias","by","class","clip","clippathunits","clip-path","clip-rule","color","color-interpolation","color-interpolation-filters","color-profile","color-rendering","cx","cy","d","dx","dy","diffuseconstant","direction","display","divisor","dur","edgemode","elevation","end","fill","fill-opacity","fill-rule","filter","filterunits","flood-color","flood-opacity","font-family","font-size","font-size-adjust","font-stretch","font-style","font-variant","font-weight","fx","fy","g1","g2","glyph-name","glyphref","gradientunits","gradienttransform","height","href","id","image-rendering","in","in2","k","k1","k2","k3","k4","kerning","keypoints","keysplines","keytimes","lang","lengthadjust","letter-spacing","kernelmatrix","kernelunitlength","lighting-color","local","marker-end","marker-mid","marker-start","markerheight","markerunits","markerwidth","maskcontentunits","maskunits","max","mask","media","method","mode","min","name","numoctaves","offset","operator","opacity","order","orient","orientation","origin","overflow","paint-order","path","pathlength","patterncontentunits","patterntransform","patternunits","points","preservealpha","preserveaspectratio","primitiveunits","r","rx","ry","radius","refx","refy","repeatcount","repeatdur","restart","result","rotate","scale","seed","shape-rendering","specularconstant","specularexponent","spreadmethod","startoffset","stddeviation","stitchtiles","stop-color","stop-opacity","stroke-dasharray","stroke-dashoffset","stroke-linecap","stroke-linejoin","stroke-miterlimit","stroke-opacity","stroke","stroke-width","style","surfacescale","systemlanguage","tabindex","targetx","targety","transform","transform-origin","text-anchor","text-decoration","text-rendering","textlength","type","u1","u2","unicode","values","viewbox","visibility","version","vert-adv-y","vert-origin-x","vert-origin-y","width","word-spacing","wrap","writing-mode","xchannelselector","ychannelselector","x","x1","x2","xmlns","y","y1","y2","z","zoomandpan"]),L=r(["accent","accentunder","align","bevelled","close","columnsalign","columnlines","columnspan","denomalign","depth","dir","display","displaystyle","encoding","fence","frame","height","href","id","largeop","length","linethickness","lspace","lquote","mathbackground","mathcolor","mathsize","mathvariant","maxsize","minsize","movablelimits","notation","numalign","open","rowalign","rowlines","rowspacing","rowspan","rspace","rquote","scriptlevel","scriptminsize","scriptsizemultiplier","selection","separator","separators","stretchy","subscriptshift","supscriptshift","symmetric","voffset","width","xmlns"]),x=r(["xlink:href","xml:id","xlink:title","xml:space","xmlns:xlink"]),v=i(/\{\{[\w\W]*|[\w\W]*\}\}/gm),O=i(/<%[\w\W]*|[\w\W]*%>/gm),M=i(/\${[\w\W]*}/gm),I=i(/^data-[\-\w.\u00B7-\uFFFF]/),P=i(/^aria-[\-\w]+$/),U=i(/^(?:(?:(?:f|ht)tps?|mailto|tel|callto|sms|cid|xmpp):|[^a-z]|[a-z+.\-]+(?:[^a-z+.\-:]|$))/i),F=i(/^(?:\w+script|data):/i),H=i(/[\u0000-\u0020\u00A0\u1680\u180E\u2000-\u2029\u205F\u3000]/g),z=i(/^html$/i);var B=Object.freeze({__proto__:null,MUSTACHE_EXPR:v,ERB_EXPR:O,TMPLIT_EXPR:M,DATA_ATTR:I,ARIA_ATTR:P,IS_ALLOWED_URI:U,IS_SCRIPT_OR_DATA:F,ATTR_WHITESPACE:H,DOCTYPE_NAME:z});const getGlobal=()=>"undefined"==typeof window?null:window,G=function _createTrustedTypesPolicy(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||"function"!=typeof e.createPolicy)return null;let n=null;const o="data-tt-policy-suffix";t&&t.hasAttribute(o)&&(n=t.getAttribute(o));const a="dompurify"+(n?"#"+n:"");try{return e.createPolicy(a,{createHTML:e=>e,createScriptURL:e=>e})}catch(e){return console.warn("TrustedTypes policy "+a+" could not be created."),null}};function createDOMPurify(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:getGlobal();const DOMPurify=e=>createDOMPurify(e);if(DOMPurify.version="3.0.3",DOMPurify.removed=[],!t||!t.document||9!==t.document.nodeType)return DOMPurify.isSupported=!1,DOMPurify;const n=t.document,o=n.currentScript;let{document:a}=t;const{DocumentFragment:i,HTMLTemplateElement:l,Node:c,Element:s,NodeFilter:v,NamedNodeMap:O=t.NamedNodeMap||t.MozNamedAttrMap,HTMLFormElement:M,DOMParser:I,trustedTypes:P}=t,F=s.prototype,H=lookupGetter(F,"cloneNode"),W=lookupGetter(F,"nextSibling"),Y=lookupGetter(F,"childNodes"),j=lookupGetter(F,"parentNode");if("function"==typeof l){const e=a.createElement("template");e.content&&e.content.ownerDocument&&(a=e.content.ownerDocument)}let q,V="";const{implementation:X,createNodeIterator:K,createDocumentFragment:$,getElementsByTagName:Z}=a,{importNode:J}=n;let Q={};DOMPurify.isSupported="function"==typeof e&&"function"==typeof j&&X&&void 0!==X.createHTMLDocument;const{MUSTACHE_EXPR:ee,ERB_EXPR:te,TMPLIT_EXPR:ne,DATA_ATTR:oe,ARIA_ATTR:ae,IS_SCRIPT_OR_DATA:re,ATTR_WHITESPACE:ie}=B;let{IS_ALLOWED_URI:le}=B,ce=null;const se=addToSet({},[..._,...A,...b,...R,...w]);let ue=null;const de=addToSet({},[...D,...C,...L,...x]);let me=Object.seal(Object.create(null,{tagNameCheck:{writable:!0,configurable:!1,enumerable:!0,value:null},attributeNameCheck:{writable:!0,configurable:!1,enumerable:!0,value:null},allowCustomizedBuiltInElements:{writable:!0,configurable:!1,enumerable:!0,value:!1}})),pe=null,fe=null,he=!0,Te=!0,ge=!1,ye=!0,Ee=!1,Se=!1,_e=!1,Ae=!1,be=!1,Ne=!1,Re=!1,ke=!0,we=!1;const De="user-content-";let Ce=!0,Le=!1,xe={},ve=null;const Oe=addToSet({},["annotation-xml","audio","colgroup","desc","foreignobject","head","iframe","math","mi","mn","mo","ms","mtext","noembed","noframes","noscript","plaintext","script","style","svg","template","thead","title","video","xmp"]);let Me=null;const Ie=addToSet({},["audio","video","img","source","image","track"]);let Pe=null;const Ue=addToSet({},["alt","class","for","id","label","name","pattern","placeholder","role","summary","title","value","style","xmlns"]),Fe="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",He="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",ze="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";let Be=ze,Ge=!1,We=null;const Ye=addToSet({},[Fe,He,ze],f);let je;const qe=["application/xhtml+xml","text/html"],Ve="text/html";let Xe,Ke=null;const $e=a.createElement("form"),Ze=function isRegexOrFunction(e){return e instanceof RegExp||e instanceof Function},Je=function _parseConfig(e){if(!Ke||Ke!==e){if(e&&"object"==typeof e||(e={}),e=clone(e),je=je=-1===qe.indexOf(e.PARSER_MEDIA_TYPE)?Ve:e.PARSER_MEDIA_TYPE,Xe="application/xhtml+xml"===je?f:p,ce="ALLOWED_TAGS"in e?addToSet({},e.ALLOWED_TAGS,Xe):se,ue="ALLOWED_ATTR"in e?addToSet({},e.ALLOWED_ATTR,Xe):de,We="ALLOWED_NAMESPACES"in e?addToSet({},e.ALLOWED_NAMESPACES,f):Ye,Pe="ADD_URI_SAFE_ATTR"in e?addToSet(clone(Ue),e.ADD_URI_SAFE_ATTR,Xe):Ue,Me="ADD_DATA_URI_TAGS"in e?addToSet(clone(Ie),e.ADD_DATA_URI_TAGS,Xe):Ie,ve="FORBID_CONTENTS"in e?addToSet({},e.FORBID_CONTENTS,Xe):Oe,pe="FORBID_TAGS"in e?addToSet({},e.FORBID_TAGS,Xe):{},fe="FORBID_ATTR"in e?addToSet({},e.FORBID_ATTR,Xe):{},xe="USE_PROFILES"in e&&e.USE_PROFILES,he=!1!==e.ALLOW_ARIA_ATTR,Te=!1!==e.ALLOW_DATA_ATTR,ge=e.ALLOW_UNKNOWN_PROTOCOLS||!1,ye=!1!==e.ALLOW_SELF_CLOSE_IN_ATTR,Ee=e.SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES||!1,Se=e.WHOLE_DOCUMENT||!1,be=e.RETURN_DOM||!1,Ne=e.RETURN_DOM_FRAGMENT||!1,Re=e.RETURN_TRUSTED_TYPE||!1,Ae=e.FORCE_BODY||!1,ke=!1!==e.SANITIZE_DOM,we=e.SANITIZE_NAMED_PROPS||!1,Ce=!1!==e.KEEP_CONTENT,Le=e.IN_PLACE||!1,le=e.ALLOWED_URI_REGEXP||U,Be=e.NAMESPACE||ze,me=e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING||{},e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING&&Ze(e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING.tagNameCheck)&&(me.tagNameCheck=e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING.tagNameCheck),e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING&&Ze(e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING.attributeNameCheck)&&(me.attributeNameCheck=e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING.attributeNameCheck),e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING&&"boolean"==typeof e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING.allowCustomizedBuiltInElements&&(me.allowCustomizedBuiltInElements=e.CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING.allowCustomizedBuiltInElements),Ee&&(Te=!1),Ne&&(be=!0),xe&&(ce=addToSet({},[...w]),ue=[],!0===xe.html&&(addToSet(ce,_),addToSet(ue,D)),!0===xe.svg&&(addToSet(ce,A),addToSet(ue,C),addToSet(ue,x)),!0===xe.svgFilters&&(addToSet(ce,b),addToSet(ue,C),addToSet(ue,x)),!0===xe.mathMl&&(addToSet(ce,R),addToSet(ue,L),addToSet(ue,x))),e.ADD_TAGS&&(ce===se&&(ce=clone(ce)),addToSet(ce,e.ADD_TAGS,Xe)),e.ADD_ATTR&&(ue===de&&(ue=clone(ue)),addToSet(ue,e.ADD_ATTR,Xe)),e.ADD_URI_SAFE_ATTR&&addToSet(Pe,e.ADD_URI_SAFE_ATTR,Xe),e.FORBID_CONTENTS&&(ve===Oe&&(ve=clone(ve)),addToSet(ve,e.FORBID_CONTENTS,Xe)),Ce&&(ce["#text"]=!0),Se&&addToSet(ce,["html","head","body"]),ce.table&&(addToSet(ce,["tbody"]),delete pe.tbody),e.TRUSTED_TYPES_POLICY){if("function"!=typeof e.TRUSTED_TYPES_POLICY.createHTML)throw S('TRUSTED_TYPES_POLICY configuration option must provide a "createHTML" hook.');if("function"!=typeof e.TRUSTED_TYPES_POLICY.createScriptURL)throw S('TRUSTED_TYPES_POLICY configuration option must provide a "createScriptURL" hook.');q=e.TRUSTED_TYPES_POLICY,V=q.createHTML("")}else void 0===q&&(q=G(P,o)),null!==q&&"string"==typeof V&&(V=q.createHTML(""));r&&r(e),Ke=e}},Qe=addToSet({},["mi","mo","mn","ms","mtext"]),et=addToSet({},["foreignobject","desc","title","annotation-xml"]),tt=addToSet({},["title","style","font","a","script"]),nt=addToSet({},A);addToSet(nt,b),addToSet(nt,N);const ot=addToSet({},R);addToSet(ot,k);const at=function _checkValidNamespace(e){let t=j(e);t&&t.tagName||(t={namespaceURI:Be,tagName:"template"});const n=p(e.tagName),o=p(t.tagName);return!!We[e.namespaceURI]&&(e.namespaceURI===He?t.namespaceURI===ze?"svg"===n:t.namespaceURI===Fe?"svg"===n&&("annotation-xml"===o||Qe[o]):Boolean(nt[n]):e.namespaceURI===Fe?t.namespaceURI===ze?"math"===n:t.namespaceURI===He?"math"===n&&et[o]:Boolean(ot[n]):e.namespaceURI===ze?!(t.namespaceURI===He&&!et[o])&&!(t.namespaceURI===Fe&&!Qe[o])&&!ot[n]&&(tt[n]||!nt[n]):!("application/xhtml+xml"!==je||!We[e.namespaceURI]))},rt=function _forceRemove(e){m(DOMPurify.removed,{element:e});try{e.parentNode.removeChild(e)}catch(t){e.remove()}},it=function _removeAttribute(e,t){try{m(DOMPurify.removed,{attribute:t.getAttributeNode(e),from:t})}catch(e){m(DOMPurify.removed,{attribute:null,from:t})}if(t.removeAttribute(e),"is"===e&&!ue[e])if(be||Ne)try{rt(t)}catch(e){}else try{t.setAttribute(e,"")}catch(e){}},lt=function _initDocument(e){let t,n;if(Ae)e="<remove></remove>"+e;else{const t=h(e,/^[\r\n\t ]+/);n=t&&t[0]}"application/xhtml+xml"===je&&Be===ze&&(e='<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head></head><body>'+e+"</body></html>");const o=q?q.createHTML(e):e;if(Be===ze)try{t=(new I).parseFromString(o,je)}catch(e){}if(!t||!t.documentElement){t=X.createDocument(Be,"template",null);try{t.documentElement.innerHTML=Ge?V:o}catch(e){}}const r=t.body||t.documentElement;return e&&n&&r.insertBefore(a.createTextNode(n),r.childNodes[0]||null),Be===ze?Z.call(t,Se?"html":"body")[0]:Se?t.documentElement:r},ct=function _createIterator(e){return K.call(e.ownerDocument||e,e,v.SHOW_ELEMENT|v.SHOW_COMMENT|v.SHOW_TEXT,null,!1)},st=function _isClobbered(e){return e instanceof M&&("string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"string"!=typeof e.textContent||"function"!=typeof e.removeChild||!(e.attributes instanceof O)||"function"!=typeof e.removeAttribute||"function"!=typeof e.setAttribute||"string"!=typeof e.namespaceURI||"function"!=typeof e.insertBefore||"function"!=typeof e.hasChildNodes)},ut=function _isNode(e){return"object"==typeof c?e instanceof c:e&&"object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.nodeType&&"string"==typeof e.nodeName},dt=function _executeHook(e,t,n){Q[e]&&u(Q[e],(e=>{e.call(DOMPurify,t,n,Ke)}))},mt=function _sanitizeElements(e){let t;if(dt("beforeSanitizeElements",e,null),st(e))return rt(e),!0;const n=Xe(e.nodeName);if(dt("uponSanitizeElement",e,{tagName:n,allowedTags:ce}),e.hasChildNodes()&&!ut(e.firstElementChild)&&(!ut(e.content)||!ut(e.content.firstElementChild))&&E(/<[/\w]/g,e.innerHTML)&&E(/<[/\w]/g,e.textContent))return rt(e),!0;if(!ce[n]||pe[n]){if(!pe[n]&&ft(n)){if(me.tagNameCheck instanceof RegExp&&E(me.tagNameCheck,n))return!1;if(me.tagNameCheck instanceof Function&&me.tagNameCheck(n))return!1}if(Ce&&!ve[n]){const t=j(e)||e.parentNode,n=Y(e)||e.childNodes;if(n&&t)for(let o=n.length-1;o>=0;--o)t.insertBefore(H(n[o],!0),W(e))}return rt(e),!0}return e instanceof s&&!at(e)?(rt(e),!0):"noscript"!==n&&"noembed"!==n||!E(/<\/no(script|embed)/i,e.innerHTML)?(Ee&&3===e.nodeType&&(t=e.textContent,t=T(t,ee," "),t=T(t,te," "),t=T(t,ne," "),e.textContent!==t&&(m(DOMPurify.removed,{element:e.cloneNode()}),e.textContent=t)),dt("afterSanitizeElements",e,null),!1):(rt(e),!0)},pt=function _isValidAttribute(e,t,n){if(ke&&("id"===t||"name"===t)&&(n in a||n in $e))return!1;if(Te&&!fe[t]&&E(oe,t));else if(he&&E(ae,t));else if(!ue[t]||fe[t]){if(!(ft(e)&&(me.tagNameCheck instanceof RegExp&&E(me.tagNameCheck,e)||me.tagNameCheck instanceof Function&&me.tagNameCheck(e))&&(me.attributeNameCheck instanceof RegExp&&E(me.attributeNameCheck,t)||me.attributeNameCheck instanceof Function&&me.attributeNameCheck(t))||"is"===t&&me.allowCustomizedBuiltInElements&&(me.tagNameCheck instanceof RegExp&&E(me.tagNameCheck,n)||me.tagNameCheck instanceof Function&&me.tagNameCheck(n))))return!1}else if(Pe[t]);else if(E(le,T(n,ie,"")));else if("src"!==t&&"xlink:href"!==t&&"href"!==t||"script"===e||0!==g(n,"data:")||!Me[e])if(ge&&!E(re,T(n,ie,"")));else if(n)return!1;return!0},ft=function _basicCustomElementTest(e){return e.indexOf("-")>0},ht=function _sanitizeAttributes(e){let t,n,o,a;dt("beforeSanitizeAttributes",e,null);const{attributes:r}=e;if(!r)return;const i={attrName:"",attrValue:"",keepAttr:!0,allowedAttributes:ue};for(a=r.length;a--;){t=r[a];const{name:l,namespaceURI:c}=t;if(n="value"===l?t.value:y(t.value),o=Xe(l),i.attrName=o,i.attrValue=n,i.keepAttr=!0,i.forceKeepAttr=void 0,dt("uponSanitizeAttribute",e,i),n=i.attrValue,i.forceKeepAttr)continue;if(it(l,e),!i.keepAttr)continue;if(!ye&&E(/\/>/i,n)){it(l,e);continue}Ee&&(n=T(n,ee," "),n=T(n,te," "),n=T(n,ne," "));const s=Xe(e.nodeName);if(pt(s,o,n)){if(!we||"id"!==o&&"name"!==o||(it(l,e),n=De+n),q&&"object"==typeof P&&"function"==typeof P.getAttributeType)if(c);else switch(P.getAttributeType(s,o)){case"TrustedHTML":n=q.createHTML(n);break;case"TrustedScriptURL":n=q.createScriptURL(n)}try{c?e.setAttributeNS(c,l,n):e.setAttribute(l,n),d(DOMPurify.removed)}catch(e){}}}dt("afterSanitizeAttributes",e,null)},Tt=function _sanitizeShadowDOM(e){let t;const n=ct(e);for(dt("beforeSanitizeShadowDOM",e,null);t=n.nextNode();)dt("uponSanitizeShadowNode",t,null),mt(t)||(t.content instanceof i&&_sanitizeShadowDOM(t.content),ht(t));dt("afterSanitizeShadowDOM",e,null)};return DOMPurify.sanitize=function(e){let t,o,a,r,l=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(Ge=!e,Ge&&(e="\x3c!--\x3e"),"string"!=typeof e&&!ut(e)){if("function"!=typeof e.toString)throw S("toString is not a function");if("string"!=typeof(e=e.toString()))throw S("dirty is not a string, aborting")}if(!DOMPurify.isSupported)return e;if(_e||Je(l),DOMPurify.removed=[],"string"==typeof e&&(Le=!1),Le){if(e.nodeName){const t=Xe(e.nodeName);if(!ce[t]||pe[t])throw S("root node is forbidden and cannot be sanitized in-place")}}else if(e instanceof c)t=lt("\x3c!----\x3e"),o=t.ownerDocument.importNode(e,!0),1===o.nodeType&&"BODY"===o.nodeName||"HTML"===o.nodeName?t=o:t.appendChild(o);else{if(!be&&!Ee&&!Se&&-1===e.indexOf("<"))return q&&Re?q.createHTML(e):e;if(t=lt(e),!t)return be?null:Re?V:""}t&&Ae&&rt(t.firstChild);const s=ct(Le?e:t);for(;a=s.nextNode();)mt(a)||(a.content instanceof i&&Tt(a.content),ht(a));if(Le)return e;if(be){if(Ne)for(r=$.call(t.ownerDocument);t.firstChild;)r.appendChild(t.firstChild);else r=t;return(ue.shadowroot||ue.shadowrootmod)&&(r=J.call(n,r,!0)),r}let u=Se?t.outerHTML:t.innerHTML;return Se&&ce["!doctype"]&&t.ownerDocument&&t.ownerDocument.doctype&&t.ownerDocument.doctype.name&&E(z,t.ownerDocument.doctype.name)&&(u="<!DOCTYPE "+t.ownerDocument.doctype.name+">\n"+u),Ee&&(u=T(u,ee," "),u=T(u,te," "),u=T(u,ne," ")),q&&Re?q.createHTML(u):u},DOMPurify.setConfig=function(e){Je(e),_e=!0},DOMPurify.clearConfig=function(){Ke=null,_e=!1},DOMPurify.isValidAttribute=function(e,t,n){Ke||Je({});const o=Xe(e),a=Xe(t);return pt(o,a,n)},DOMPurify.addHook=function(e,t){"function"==typeof t&&(Q[e]=Q[e]||[],m(Q[e],t))},DOMPurify.removeHook=function(e){if(Q[e])return d(Q[e])},DOMPurify.removeHooks=function(e){Q[e]&&(Q[e]=[])},DOMPurify.removeAllHooks=function(){Q={}},DOMPurify}return createDOMPurify()}()}}]);<!doctype html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
	
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5, viewport-fit=cover">
	<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">

	<title>Базовые принципы работы Linux для начинающих &#8211; BABSA EKTA MAHTO</title>
<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="BABSA EKTA MAHTO &raquo; Feed" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="BABSA EKTA MAHTO &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/comments/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="BABSA EKTA MAHTO &raquo; Базовые принципы работы Linux для начинающих Comments Feed" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/bazovye-principy-raboty-linux-dlja-nachinajushhih-11/feed/" />

<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.5' media='all' />
<style id='global-styles-inline-css'>
:root{--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1: var(--theme-palette-color-1, #2872fa);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #1559ed);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3: var(--theme-palette-color-3, #3A4F66);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4: var(--theme-palette-color-4, #192a3d);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5: var(--theme-palette-color-5, #e1e8ed);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6: var(--theme-palette-color-6, #f2f5f7);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7: var(--theme-palette-color-7, #FAFBFC);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-peach: linear-gradient(to right, #ffecd2 0%, #fcb69f 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--young-passion: linear-gradient(to right, #ff8177 0%, #ff867a 0%, #ff8c7f 21%, #f99185 52%, #cf556c 78%, #b12a5b 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--true-sunset: linear-gradient(to right, #fa709a 0%, #fee140 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--morpheus-den: linear-gradient(to top, #30cfd0 0%, #330867 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--plum-plate: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--aqua-splash: linear-gradient(15deg, #13547a 0%, #80d0c7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--love-kiss: linear-gradient(to top, #ff0844 0%, #ffb199 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--new-retrowave: linear-gradient(to top, #3b41c5 0%, #a981bb 49%, #ffc8a9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--plum-bath: linear-gradient(to top, #cc208e 0%, #6713d2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--high-flight: linear-gradient(to right, #0acffe 0%, #495aff 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--teen-party: linear-gradient(-225deg, #FF057C 0%, #8D0B93 50%, #321575 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--fabled-sunset: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107A 29%, #FF1361 67%, #FFF800 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--arielle-smile: radial-gradient(circle 248px at center, #16d9e3 0%, #30c7ec 47%, #46aef7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--itmeo-branding: linear-gradient(180deg, #2af598 0%, #009efd 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--deep-blue: linear-gradient(to right, #6a11cb 0%, #2575fc 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--strong-bliss: linear-gradient(to right, #f78ca0 0%, #f9748f 19%, #fd868c 60%, #fe9a8b 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--sweet-period: linear-gradient(to top, #3f51b1 0%, #5a55ae 13%, #7b5fac 25%, #8f6aae 38%, #a86aa4 50%, #cc6b8e 62%, #f18271 75%, #f3a469 87%, #f7c978 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--purple-division: linear-gradient(to top, #7028e4 0%, #e5b2ca 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cold-evening: linear-gradient(to top, #0c3483 0%, #a2b6df 100%, #6b8cce 100%, #a2b6df 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mountain-rock: linear-gradient(to right, #868f96 0%, #596164 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--desert-hump: linear-gradient(to top, #c79081 0%, #dfa579 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--ethernal-constance: linear-gradient(to top, #09203f 0%, #537895 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--happy-memories: linear-gradient(-60deg, #ff5858 0%, #f09819 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--grown-early: linear-gradient(to top, #0ba360 0%, #3cba92 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--morning-salad: linear-gradient(-225deg, #B7F8DB 0%, #50A7C2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--night-call: linear-gradient(-225deg, #AC32E4 0%, #7918F2 48%, #4801FF 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mind-crawl: linear-gradient(-225deg, #473B7B 0%, #3584A7 51%, #30D2BE 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--angel-care: linear-gradient(-225deg, #FFE29F 0%, #FFA99F 48%, #FF719A 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-cake: linear-gradient(to top, #e14fad 0%, #f9d423 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--rich-metal: linear-gradient(to right, #d7d2cc 0%, #304352 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mole-hall: linear-gradient(-20deg, #616161 0%, #9bc5c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cloudy-knoxville: linear-gradient(120deg, #fdfbfb 0%, #ebedee 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--soft-grass: linear-gradient(to top, #c1dfc4 0%, #deecdd 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--saint-petersburg: linear-gradient(135deg, #f5f7fa 0%, #c3cfe2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--everlasting-sky: linear-gradient(135deg, #fdfcfb 0%, #e2d1c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--kind-steel: linear-gradient(-20deg, #e9defa 0%, #fbfcdb 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--over-sun: linear-gradient(60deg, #abecd6 0%, #fbed96 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--premium-white: linear-gradient(to top, #d5d4d0 0%, #d5d4d0 1%, #eeeeec 31%, #efeeec 75%, #e9e9e7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--clean-mirror: linear-gradient(45deg, #93a5cf 0%, #e4efe9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--wild-apple: linear-gradient(to top, #d299c2 0%, #fef9d7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--snow-again: linear-gradient(to top, #e6e9f0 0%, #eef1f5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--confident-cloud: linear-gradient(to top, #dad4ec 0%, #dad4ec 1%, #f3e7e9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--glass-water: linear-gradient(to top, #dfe9f3 0%, white 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--perfect-white: linear-gradient(-225deg, #E3FDF5 0%, #FFE6FA 100%);}:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}.has-palette-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-palette-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-palette-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-juicy-peach-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-peach) !important;}.has-young-passion-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--young-passion) !important;}.has-true-sunset-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--true-sunset) !important;}.has-morpheus-den-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--morpheus-den) !important;}.has-plum-plate-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--plum-plate) !important;}.has-aqua-splash-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--aqua-splash) !important;}.has-love-kiss-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--love-kiss) !important;}.has-new-retrowave-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--new-retrowave) !important;}.has-plum-bath-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--plum-bath) !important;}.has-high-flight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--high-flight) !important;}.has-teen-party-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--teen-party) !important;}.has-fabled-sunset-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--fabled-sunset) !important;}.has-arielle-smile-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--arielle-smile) !important;}.has-itmeo-branding-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--itmeo-branding) !important;}.has-deep-blue-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--deep-blue) !important;}.has-strong-bliss-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--strong-bliss) !important;}.has-sweet-period-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--sweet-period) !important;}.has-purple-division-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--purple-division) !important;}.has-cold-evening-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cold-evening) !important;}.has-mountain-rock-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mountain-rock) !important;}.has-desert-hump-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--desert-hump) !important;}.has-ethernal-constance-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--ethernal-constance) !important;}.has-happy-memories-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--happy-memories) !important;}.has-grown-early-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--grown-early) !important;}.has-morning-salad-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--morning-salad) !important;}.has-night-call-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--night-call) !important;}.has-mind-crawl-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mind-crawl) !important;}.has-angel-care-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--angel-care) !important;}.has-juicy-cake-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-cake) !important;}.has-rich-metal-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--rich-metal) !important;}.has-mole-hall-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mole-hall) !important;}.has-cloudy-knoxville-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cloudy-knoxville) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-soft-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--soft-grass) !important;}.has-saint-petersburg-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--saint-petersburg) !important;}.has-everlasting-sky-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--everlasting-sky) !important;}.has-kind-steel-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--kind-steel) !important;}.has-over-sun-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--over-sun) !important;}.has-premium-white-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--premium-white) !important;}.has-clean-mirror-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--clean-mirror) !important;}.has-wild-apple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--wild-apple) !important;}.has-snow-again-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--snow-again) !important;}.has-confident-cloud-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--confident-cloud) !important;}.has-glass-water-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--glass-water) !important;}.has-perfect-white-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--perfect-white) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-blocksy-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-blocksy-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.18.3' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/v8/css/swiper.min.css?ver=8.4.5' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-6-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-6.css?ver=1725710716' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-pro-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.16.2' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-ekiticons-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=3.0.4' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-main-styles-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/main.min.css?ver=2.0.16' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-page-title-styles-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/page-title.min.css?ver=2.0.16' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-elementor-styles-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/elementor-frontend.min.css?ver=2.0.16' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-comments-styles-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/comments.min.css?ver=2.0.16' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-widget-styles-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/widget-styles.css?ver=3.0.4' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-responsive-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/responsive.css?ver=3.0.4' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='eael-general-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/css/view/general.min.css?ver=5.9.3' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpr-text-animations-css-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/royal-elementor-addons/assets/css/lib/animations/text-animations.min.css?ver=1.3.85' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpr-addons-css-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/royal-elementor-addons/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=1.3.85' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-5-all-css' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css?ver=5.9.3' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&#038;display=swap&#038;ver=6.6.5' media='all' />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin><script data-cfasync="false" src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script data-cfasync="false" src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/5577" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.5" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/bazovye-principy-raboty-linux-dlja-nachinajushhih-11/" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/?p=5577' />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbabsaprogram.ektamahto.com%2Fbazovye-principy-raboty-linux-dlja-nachinajushhih-11%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbabsaprogram.ektamahto.com%2Fbazovye-principy-raboty-linux-dlja-nachinajushhih-11%2F&#038;format=xml" />
<noscript><link rel='stylesheet' href='https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/no-scripts.min.css' type='text/css'></noscript>
<style id="ct-main-styles-inline-css">[data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="logo"] .site-title {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-size:25px;--theme-line-height:1.5;--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] {--height:120px;background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);background-image:none;--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;--theme-box-shadow:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] > div {--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="mobile-menu"] {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-link-initial-color:#ffffff;--mobile-menu-divider:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--theme-box-shadow:0px 0px 70px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);--side-panel-width:500px;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas .ct-panel-inner {background-color:rgba(18, 21, 25, 0.98);} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="trigger"] {--theme-icon-size:18px;} [data-header*="type-1"] {--header-height:0px;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header {background-image:none;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-6);}:root {--theme-font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';--theme-font-weight:400;--theme-text-transform:none;--theme-text-decoration:none;--theme-font-size:16px;--theme-line-height:1.65;--theme-letter-spacing:0em;--theme-button-font-weight:500;--theme-button-font-size:15px;--has-classic-forms:var(--true);--has-modern-forms:var(--false);--theme-form-field-border-initial-color:var(--theme-border-color);--theme-form-field-border-focus-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-form-selection-field-initial-color:var(--theme-border-color);--theme-form-selection-field-active-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_1:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_2:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_3:var(--theme-palette-color-3);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_4:var(--theme-palette-color-4);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_5:var(--theme-palette-color-5);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_6:var(--theme-palette-color-6);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_7:var(--theme-palette-color-7);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_8:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-palette-color-1:#2872fa;--theme-palette-color-2:#1559ed;--theme-palette-color-3:#3A4F66;--theme-palette-color-4:#192a3d;--theme-palette-color-5:#e1e8ed;--theme-palette-color-6:#f2f5f7;--theme-palette-color-7:#FAFBFC;--theme-palette-color-8:#ffffff;--theme-text-color:var(--theme-palette-color-3);--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-link-hover-color:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--theme-selection-text-color:#ffffff;--theme-selection-background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-border-color:var(--theme-palette-color-5);--theme-headings-color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);--theme-content-spacing:1.5em;--theme-button-min-height:40px;--theme-button-shadow:none;--theme-button-transform:none;--theme-button-text-initial-color:#ffffff;--theme-button-text-hover-color:#ffffff;--theme-button-background-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-button-background-hover-color:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--theme-button-border:none;--theme-button-border-radius:3px;--theme-button-padding:5px 20px;--theme-normal-container-max-width:1290px;--theme-content-vertical-spacing:60px;--theme-container-edge-spacing:90vw;--theme-narrow-container-max-width:750px;--theme-wide-offset:130px;}h1 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-size:40px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h2 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-size:35px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h3 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-size:30px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h4 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-size:25px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h5 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h6 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-size:16px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}.wp-block-pullquote {--theme-font-family:Georgia;--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-size:25px;}code, kbd, samp, pre {--theme-font-family:monospace;--theme-font-weight:400;--theme-font-size:16px;}figcaption {--theme-font-size:14px;}.ct-sidebar .widget-title {--theme-font-size:20px;}.ct-breadcrumbs {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;}body {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-7);background-image:none;} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .hero-section[data-type="type-2"] {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-6);background-image:none;--container-padding:50px 0px;} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_single"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_single"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_single"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_single"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);}form textarea {--theme-form-field-height:170px;}.ct-sidebar {--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-text-color);} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_single"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_single"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="single_page"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);}@media (max-width: 999.98px) {[data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] {--height:70px;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--side-panel-width:65vw;} [data-header*="type-1"] {--header-height:70px;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media (max-width: 689.98px) {[data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--side-panel-width:90vw;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="wpr_templates_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="wpr_mega_menu_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;}:root {--theme-content-vertical-spacing:50px;--theme-container-edge-spacing:88vw;}}</style>
<meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.18.3; features: e_dom_optimization, e_optimized_assets_loading, e_optimized_css_loading, e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints, e_image_loading_optimization; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap">
<style id="wpr_lightbox_styles">
				.lg-backdrop {
					background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6) !important;
				}
				.lg-toolbar,
				.lg-dropdown {
					background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8) !important;
				}
				.lg-dropdown:after {
					border-bottom-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8) !important;
				}
				.lg-sub-html {
					background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8) !important;
				}
				.lg-thumb-outer,
				.lg-progress-bar {
					background-color: #444444 !important;
				}
				.lg-progress {
					background-color: #a90707 !important;
				}
				.lg-icon {
					color: #efefef !important;
					font-size: 20px !important;
				}
				.lg-icon.lg-toogle-thumb {
					font-size: 24px !important;
				}
				.lg-icon:hover,
				.lg-dropdown-text:hover {
					color: #ffffff !important;
				}
				.lg-sub-html,
				.lg-dropdown-text {
					color: #efefef !important;
					font-size: 14px !important;
				}
				#lg-counter {
					color: #efefef !important;
					font-size: 14px !important;
				}
				.lg-prev,
				.lg-next {
					font-size: 35px !important;
				}

				/* Defaults */
				.lg-icon {
				background-color: transparent !important;
				}

				#lg-counter {
				opacity: 0.9;
				}

				.lg-thumb-outer {
				padding: 0 10px;
				}

				.lg-thumb-item {
				border-radius: 0 !important;
				border: none !important;
				opacity: 0.5;
				}

				.lg-thumb-item.active {
					opacity: 1;
				}
	         </style>	</head>


<body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-5577 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive elementor-default elementor-kit-6 ct-elementor-default-template" data-link="type-2" data-prefix="single_blog_post" data-header="type-1" data-footer="type-1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog" >

<a class="skip-link show-on-focus" href="#main">
	Skip to content</a>

<div class="ct-drawer-canvas" data-location="start" ><div id="offcanvas" class="ct-panel ct-header" data-behaviour="right-side" ><div class="ct-panel-inner">
		<div class="ct-panel-actions">
			
			<button class="ct-toggle-close" data-type="type-1" aria-label="Close drawer">
				<svg class="ct-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 15 15"><path d="M1 15a1 1 0 01-.71-.29 1 1 0 010-1.41l5.8-5.8-5.8-5.8A1 1 0 011.7.29l5.8 5.8 5.8-5.8a1 1 0 011.41 1.41l-5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8a1 1 0 01-1.41 1.41l-5.8-5.8-5.8 5.8A1 1 0 011 15z"/></svg>
			</button>
		</div>
		<div class="ct-panel-content" data-device="desktop" ><div class="ct-panel-content-inner"></div></div><div class="ct-panel-content" data-device="mobile" ><div class="ct-panel-content-inner">
<nav
	class="mobile-menu"
	data-id="mobile-menu" data-interaction="click" data-toggle-type="type-1" 	aria-label="Off Canvas Menu">
	<ul><li class="page_item page-item-28"><a href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/" class="ct-menu-link">BABSA PROGRAM LANDING PAGE</a></li></ul></nav>

</div></div></div></div></div>
<div id="main-container">
	<header id="header" class="ct-header" data-id="type-1" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" ><div data-device="desktop" ></div><div data-device="mobile" ><div data-row="middle" data-column-set="2" ><div class="ct-container" ><div data-column="start" data-placements="1" ><div data-items="primary" >
<div	class="site-branding"
	data-id="logo" 		>

			<a href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/" class="site-logo-container" rel="home" itemprop="url" ><img width="156" height="40" src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/logo.png" class="default-logo" alt="BABSA EKTA MAHTO" itemprop="logo" decoding="async" /></a>	
	</div>

</div></div><div data-column="end" data-placements="1" ><div data-items="primary" >
<button
	data-toggle-panel="#offcanvas"
	class="ct-header-trigger ct-toggle "
	data-design="simple"
	data-label="right"
	aria-label="Menu"
	data-id="trigger" >

	<span class="ct-label ct-hidden-sm ct-hidden-md ct-hidden-lg">Menu</span>

	<svg
		class="ct-icon"
		width="18" height="14" viewBox="0 0 18 14"
		aria-hidden="true"
		data-type="type-1">

		<rect y="0.00" width="18" height="1.7" rx="1"/>
		<rect y="6.15" width="18" height="1.7" rx="1"/>
		<rect y="12.3" width="18" height="1.7" rx="1"/>
	</svg>
</button>
</div></div></div></div></div></header>
	<main id="main" class="site-main hfeed" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" >

		
	<div
		class="ct-container-full"
				data-content="narrow"		data-vertical-spacing="top:bottom">

		
		
	<article
		id="post-5577"
		class="post-5577 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-pagess">

		
<div class="hero-section" data-type="type-1" >
			<header class="entry-header">
			<h1 class="page-title" title="Базовые принципы работы Linux для начинающих" itemprop="headline" >Базовые принципы работы Linux для начинающих</h1><ul class="entry-meta" data-type="simple:slash"  ><li class="meta-author" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" ><a href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/author/ektamahto1625/" tabindex="-1" class="ct-media-container-static" ><img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26b81fce4585455c707a227464df3440?s=50&d=mm&r=g" width="25" height="25" style="height:25px" alt="ektamahto1625" ></a><a class="ct-meta-element-author" href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/author/ektamahto1625/" title="Posts by ektamahto1625" rel="author" itemprop="url" ><span itemprop="name" >ektamahto1625</span></a></li><li class="meta-date" itemprop="datePublished" ><time class="ct-meta-element-date" datetime="2026-04-28T22:17:01+05:30" >April 28, 2026</time></li><li class="meta-categories" data-type="simple"><a href="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/category/pagess/" rel="tag" class="ct-term-52" >pagess</a></li></ul>		</header>
	</div>

		
		
		<div class="entry-content">
			<h1>Базовые принципы работы Linux для начинающих</h1>
<p>Linux выступает собой операционной ОС с свободным оригинальным программным текстом. ОС была создана в 1991 году благодаря финскому разработчику Линусу Торвальдсу. В настоящее время <a href="https://gb5rb.ru/">слоты атом казино</a> используется на серверах, персональных ПК, портативных гаджетах и вмонтированных платформах.</p>
<p>Свободный программный текст предоставляет возможность любому пользователю осваивать, изменять и распределять платформу. Специалисты со всего мира привносят взнос в прогресс ядра системы и программных приложений. Подобный принцип гарантирует высокую надёжность и защищённость.</p>
<p>Платформа свободна для применения. Владельцы не вносят за разрешения и могут устанавливать Aтом казино на неограниченное количество ПК. Сбережение финансов делает решение заманчивым для учебных организаций и малого предпринимательства.</p>
<p>Гибкость настройки выделяет ОС среди соперников. Юзеры подбирают графическую среду, комплект приложений и параметры работы по своему предпочтению. Варианты настройки почти бесконечны.</p>
<h2>Что это за система и чем она разнится от Windows</h2>
<p>Организация платформы создаётся на концепциях Unix. Ядро регулирует аппаратными ресурсами, а прикладные программы работают в изолированном области. Компонентная конструкция даёт устойчивость и безопасность от отказов.</p>
<p>Схема распространения существенно различается от частных вариантов. Исходный исходник доступен каждому интересующимся для исследования и корректировки. Windows эксплуатирует проприетарную схему разработки.</p>
<p>Каталоговая архитектура устроена по-другому. Вместо разделов C:, D:, E: используется единое иерархию каталогов с основанием в /. Служебные данные располагаются в /etc, утилиты в /usr/bin, пользовательские каталоги в /home.</p>
<p>Администрирование утилитами осуществляется через модульные системы управления. Инсталляция и обновление программ производится из единого центра из источников. В зеркало Атом пользователи скачивают инсталляторы с разных веб-страниц.</p>
<p>Права к данным организованы ограниченнее. Стандартный пользователь не способен изменять критические документы без прямого расширения полномочий.</p>
<h2>Дистрибутивы Linux</h2>
<p>Версия представляет собой завершённую конфигурацию операционной платформы. Любая сборка объединяет ядро системы, пакет приложений, визуальную интерфейс и возможности регулировки.</p>
<p>Ubuntu признаётся известным выбором для начинающих. Версия даёт несложную установку, дружелюбный среду и развёрнутую справочную информацию. Выпуски с продолжительной поддержкой приобретают обновления в течение пяти лет.</p>
<p>Fedora направлена на новейшие разработки и последнее программное ПО. Программисты быстро интегрируют новые функции. Сборка подходит любителям, желающим трудиться с новейшими утилитами.</p>
<p>Debian прославлен устойчивостью и безотказностью. Компоненты подвергаются детальное тестирование перед интеграцией в хранилище. Серверные управляющие часто определяют Atom casino для чрезвычайно ключевых конфигураций.</p>
<p>Arch создан для искушённых юзеров. Инсталляция нуждается ручной регулировки через текстовую консоль. Концепция сборки означает всесторонний управление над ОС.</p>
<p>Mint выполнен на базе Ubuntu с акцентом на простоту и готовыми библиотеками для медиа.</p>
<h2>Файловая структура Linux</h2>
<p>Древо директорий начинается с базовой директории /. Любые данные, директории и элементы располагаются в пределах данного единого структуры. Отсутствие обозначений томов делает проще передвижение.</p>
<p>Директория /bin хранит основные исполнимые программы. Команды ls, cp, mv и иные базовые утилиты размещаются в этом месте и предоставлены любым владельцам.</p>
<p>Папка /etc вмещает конфигурационные файлы. Опции соединения, настройки демонов и системные параметры размещаются в данной каталоге. Администраторы модифицируют файлы для корректировки работы Aтом казино.</p>
<p>Каталог /home содержит личные каталоги владельцев. Каждый профиль получает выделенную каталог для файлов и параметров утилит.</p>
<p>Папка /var создан для изменяемых данных. Журналы платформы, временные данные программ и временные документы сохраняются в этом месте.</p>
<p>Директория /tmp предназначена для временного размещения. Файлы без участия пользователя удаляются при перезапуске.</p>
<p>Присоединение устройств происходит в /mnt или /media. USB-накопители подключаются как вложенные папки.</p>
<h2>Командная оболочка и текстовая интерфейс: зачем они необходимы и как с ними наладить работу</h2>
<p>Командная оболочка обеспечивает мгновенный путь к ОС через символьные инструкции. Среда позволяет производить задачи скорее графических утилит. Многие системные действия требуют действий в командной строке.</p>
<p>Утилита ls демонстрирует список каталога. Ключ -l выводит подробную сведения о данных. Перемещение по директориям выполняется через cd с указанием адреса.</p>
<p>Создание файлов выполняется командой touch. Уничтожение производится через rm, копирование через cp. Транспортировка и смену имени выполняет команда mv.</p>
<p>Разрешения доступа настраиваются инструментом chmod. Инструкция получает числовые или знаковые форматы. Хозяина документа переназначает chown с указанием владельца.</p>
<p>Чтение текстовых документов реализуется через cat или less. Начальная демонстрирует целый файл, вторая обеспечивает возможность пролистывать по страницам. Правка выполняется в nano или vim.</p>
<p>Обнаружение файлов осуществляет инструкция find с указаниями адреса. Поиск текста в содержимом данных производит grep. Автодополнение по Tab облегчает ввод в Atom casino.</p>
<h2>Пользователи и группы: концепция защищённости и регулирование доступом</h2>
<p>Платформа дифференцирует полномочия юзеров для безопасности файлов. Любой аккаунт приобретает особый идентификатор UID. Стандартные владельцы не имеют возможность корректировать служебные данные.</p>
<p>Суперпользователь root обладает абсолютными привилегиями. Аккаунт позволяет осуществлять какие угодно действия без запретов. Непрерывная функционирование от имени root не не одобряется.</p>
<p>Инструкция sudo на время повышает привилегии. Пользователь осуществляет административные задачи, указывая свой пароль. После завершения права возвращаются к стандартному статусу.</p>
<p>Коллективы собирают пользователей для коллективного взаимодействия. Документы закреплены владельцу и объединению. Конфигурация полномочий контролирует просмотр, запись и запуск.</p>
<p>Администрирование пользователями содержит процедуры:</p>
<ul>
<li>Формирование профиля командой useradd</li>
<li>Уничтожение через userdel</li>
<li>Модификация ключа доступа программой passwd</li>
<li>Включение в коллектив утилитой usermod с флагом -aG</li>
<li>Вывод объединений инструкцией groups</li>
</ul>
<p>Документ /etc/passwd содержит информацию об профилях в зеркало Атом.</p>
<h2>Модули управления и техника: как Linux взаимодействует с компонентами</h2>
<p>Центральный компонент платформы содержит вшитые драйверы для большей части компонентов. Автоматическое идентификация оборудования выполняется при загрузке. Графические адаптеры, сетевые адаптеры и аудио устройства как правило работают сразу.</p>
<p>Компоненты центрального компонента выступают собой динамические программные модули. Команда lsmod отображает список работающих элементов. Внедрение нового компонента осуществляется через modprobe, извлечение через rmmod.</p>
<p>Коммерческие программные модули нуждаются самостоятельной установки. Производители NVIDIA и AMD предоставляют проприетарные модули управления для максимальной эффективности. Размещение реализуется через пакетные управляющие программы или программы установки.</p>
<p>Команда lspci отображает подключённые PCI-адаптеры. Утилита lsusb отображает информацию об USB-оборудовании. Детальные информация представлены в директориях /proc и /sys.</p>
<p>Файл /dev содержит особые данные устройств. Физические диски обозначены как /dev/sda, части маркируются /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2. Обмен осуществляется через чтение и изменение в данные файлы.</p>
<p>Утилита dmesg показывает записи ядра системы о присоединённом компонентах и способствует выявлять неполадки в Aтом казино.</p>
<h2>Инсталляция утилит</h2>
<p>Модульные управляющие программы облегчают установку софтверного софта. ОС извлекает пакеты из источников, анализирует требования и регулирует программы. Единообразный подход оптимизирует управление программами.</p>
<p>Система управления APT эксплуатируется в сборках на фундаменте Debian. Утилита apt install инсталлирует приложение с автоматической загрузкой зависимостей. Синхронизация каталога выполняется через apt update, актуализация программ через apt upgrade.</p>
<p>Система DNF используется в Fedora и родственных версиях. Размещение программы реализуется утилитой dnf install, удаление через dnf remove.</p>
<p>Инструмент Pacman действует в Arch и связанных системах. Утилита pacman -S ставит компонент, pacman -R деинсталлирует.</p>
<p>Snap-модули охватывают приложение со полным набором библиотеками. Изолированная окружение гарантирует защиту. Инсталляция осуществляется командой snap install.</p>
<p>Flatpak обеспечивает другой формат независимых компонентов. Программы выполняются в контейнере с ограниченным правами. Инструкция flatpak install скачивает софт из Flathub в Atom casino.</p>
<h2>Программы и сервисы: как смотреть, прекращать и рестартовать процессы</h2>
<p>Программы выступают собой выполняющиеся приложения в системе. Любой программа приобретает особый код PID. Операционная платформа распределяет ресурсы между активными задачами.</p>
<p>Команда ps показывает реестр текущих программ. Ключ aux демонстрирует любые программы с детальной информацией. Инструмент top демонстрирует задачи в реальном времени.</p>
<p>Прекращение программы производится инструкцией kill с указанием PID. Команда SIGTERM просит приложение корректно завершиться. Сигнал SIGKILL немедленно прекращает программу.</p>
<p>Сервисы работают в невидимом формате и активируются автоматически. Инструмент systemd контролирует сервисами через инструкцию systemctl.</p>
<p>Базовые манипуляции со службами:</p>
<ul>
<li>Активация утилитой systemctl start</li>
<li>Выключение через systemctl stop</li>
<li>Рестарт утилитой systemctl restart</li>
<li>Контроль состояния через systemctl status</li>
<li>Активация автоматического старта утилитой systemctl enable</li>
<li>Выключение через systemctl disable</li>
</ul>
<p>Утилита journalctl демонстрирует записи служб в зеркало Атом.</p>
<h2>Практические рекомендации неопытному пользователю</h2>
<p>Начинайте знакомство с понятного сборки. Ubuntu или Linux Mint предоставляют лёгкую установку и понятный среду. Графические программы обеспечивают возможность осуществлять операции без консольной терминала.</p>
<p>Сделайте резервную бэкап значимых данных перед экспериментами. Изучение платформы может привести к сбоям параметров. Систематическое резервное сохранение защитит сведения.</p>
<p>Осваивайте терминал последовательно. Начните с базовых утилит перемещения и работы с документами. Опыт усиливает понимание продуктивнее чтения руководств.</p>
<p>Обращайтесь к официальную документацию версии. Справочные страницы предлагают методы распространённых затруднений. Обсуждения пользователей помогают обнаружить ответы на запросы.</p>
<p>Актуализируйте ОС постоянно. Свежие модули вмещают патчи защиты и современные опции.</p>
<p>Не работайте всё время от аккаунта администратора. Используйте sudo исключительно для системных задач. Сужение полномочий сокращает вероятность повреждения платформы.</p>
<p>Тестируйте с многочисленными программами. Репозитории предлагают тысячи бесплатных программ. Тестирование софта способствует обнаружить оптимальные средства.</p>
		</div>

		
		
		
		
	</article>

	
		
			</div>

<div class="ct-comments-container"><div class="ct-container-narrow">

<div class="ct-comments" id="comments">
	
	
	
	
		<div id="respond" class="comment-respond">
		<h2 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply<span class="ct-cancel-reply"><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/bazovye-principy-raboty-linux-dlja-nachinajushhih-11/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel Reply</a></span></h2><form action="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form has-website-field has-labels-inside" novalidate><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message">Required fields are marked <span class="required">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-field-input-author">
			<label for="author">Name <b class="required">&nbsp;*</b></label>
			<input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" size="30" required='required'>
			</p>
<p class="comment-form-field-input-email">
				<label for="email">Email <b class="required">&nbsp;*</b></label>
				<input id="email" name="email" type="text" value="" size="30" required='required'>
			</p>
<p class="comment-form-field-input-url">
				<label for="url">Website</label>
				<input id="url" name="url" type="text" value="" size="30">
				</p>

<p class="comment-form-field-textarea">
			<label for="comment">Add Comment<b class="required">&nbsp;*</b></label>
			<textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" required="required"></textarea>
		</p><p class="comment-form-cookies-consent"><input id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" type="checkbox" value="yes"><label for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</label></p><p class="form-submit"><button type="submit" name="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment">Post Comment</button> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='5577' id='comment_post_ID' />
<input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' />
</p></form>	</div><!-- #respond -->
	
	
</div>

</div></div>	</main>

	<footer id="footer" class="ct-footer" data-id="type-1" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" ></footer></div>

<script src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/royal-elementor-addons/assets/js/lib/particles/particles.js?ver=3.0.6" id="wpr-particles-js"></script>
<script src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/royal-elementor-addons/assets/js/lib/jarallax/jarallax.min.js?ver=1.12.7" id="wpr-jarallax-js"></script>
<script src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/royal-elementor-addons/assets/js/lib/parallax/parallax.min.js?ver=1.0" id="wpr-parallax-hover-js"></script>
<script src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/libs/framework/assets/js/frontend-script.js?ver=3.0.4" id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js"></script>
<script id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js-after">
		var elementskit = {
			resturl: 'https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-json/elementskit/v1/',
		}

		
</script>
<script src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widget-scripts.js?ver=3.0.4" id="ekit-widget-scripts-js"></script>
<script id="ct-scripts-js-extra">
var ct_localizations = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","public_url":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/","rest_url":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/wp-json\/","search_url":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/search\/QUERY_STRING\/","show_more_text":"Show more","more_text":"More","search_live_results":"Search results","search_live_no_result":"No results","search_live_one_result":"You got %s result. Please press Tab to select it.","search_live_many_results":"You got %s results. Please press Tab to select one.","expand_submenu":"Expand dropdown menu","collapse_submenu":"Collapse dropdown menu","dynamic_js_chunks":[],"dynamic_styles":{"lazy_load":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/non-critical-styles.min.css?ver=2.0.16","flexy_styles":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/flexy.min.css?ver=2.0.16","search_lazy":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/non-critical-search-styles.min.css?ver=2.0.16","back_to_top":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/back-to-top.min.css?ver=2.0.16"},"dynamic_styles_selectors":[]};
</script>
<script src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/main.js?ver=2.0.16" id="ct-scripts-js"></script>
<script src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.6.5" id="comment-reply-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script>
<script id="eael-general-js-extra">
var localize = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"a26a0dbb89","i18n":{"added":"Added ","compare":"Compare","loading":"Loading..."},"eael_translate_text":{"required_text":"is a required field","invalid_text":"Invalid","billing_text":"Billing","shipping_text":"Shipping","fg_mfp_counter_text":"of"},"page_permalink":"https:\/\/babsaprogram.ektamahto.com\/bazovye-principy-raboty-linux-dlja-nachinajushhih-11\/","cart_redirectition":"","cart_page_url":"","el_breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}};
</script>
<script src="https://babsaprogram.ektamahto.com/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/js/view/general.min.js?ver=5.9.3" id="eael-general-js"></script>

</body>
</html>